Historical Development of World Music
Since the 2nd century and 3rd century BC, in China and Egypt there is music that has a particular shape. By getting the influence of Egyptian and Babylonian, Hebrew music that developed later evolved into Church music. The music was then favored by the public, because of the music players that wander and sing the songs used in church ceremonies. The music was spread across Europe has grown, and instrumental music thrive after some improvements in musical instruments such as violin and cello. Then appear musical organ instrument. Great composers emerged in Germany, France, Italy, and Russia. In the 19th century, a sense of nationalism began to wake up and grow. Therefore, the development of music split according to nationality respectively, although at the outset both the Romantic style. Start the 20th century, France became a pioneer with impressionistic music that immediately replaced with expressionistic music.
A.Development of World Music
Music has existed since ancient Ages and used as a tool to accompany the ceremonies of the trust. Changes in music history occurred in medieval times, due to changes in the growing state of the world. Music is not only used for religious purposes, but used also for worldly affairs
Development Of World Music Divided By 6 Era
1.Medieval Ages
Medieval cultural history is the day between the end of the Roman empire (476 AD) until the Age of Reformation Christianity by Marthen Luther (1572M). Music in the Age of development is caused by the change in state of the world are increasing, which led to new discoveries in all fields, including culture. The change in the history of music is that music is no longer focused on religious interests but also used for worldly affairs, and as a means of entertainment.
Further development is the improvement of writing music and the basics of music theory developed by Guido d 'Arezzo (1050 AD)
Music by using some sound developed in Western Europe. Music Gregorian perfected by Pope Gregory.
Pioneer Music in the Middle Ages are:
1. Gullanme Dufay from France.
2. Adam de la halle From Germany.
2.Renaissance Ages (1500 – 1600)
Age of Renaissance is the period after mid-century, Renaissance Rebirth means high levels of culture that have been lost in the Roman Period. Music studied with special characteristics, for example, romance songs, songs heroism. Instead the music of the Church suffered a setback. In this age of musical instruments Piano and Organ already known, so appear Instrumental music. In the city of Florence to develop the art of opera. Opera is a play with music accompanied by the singers.
Composers on the Age of Renaissance are:
1. Giovanni Gabrieli (1557 – 1612) from Italy
2. Galilei (1533 – 1591) from Italy.
3. Claudio Monteverdi (1567 – 1643) from Venezia.
4. Jean Baptiste Lully (1632 – 1687) from France.
3. Baroque & Rokoko Ages
Progress on medieval music is marked by the emergence of new musical streams, such as Baroque and Rokoko flow. Both the flow is almost identical in nature, namely the use of ornamental (Ornaments Music). The difference is that wearing ornamental Baroque music that submitted on spontaneous improvisation by the players, while the music is recorded Rokoko all ornamental decoration .
Composers on Baroque & Rokoko Ages are:
A. Johan Sebastian Bach
Born March 21, 1685 in Eisenach Germany, died on July 28, 1750 at Leipzig Germany. Her work is very beautiful and famous:
1. St. Mathew Passion.
2. Mass in b minor.
3. 13 piano concerts with orchestra
4. Brandenburg Concerto 6 units
Custom-his composition underlie modern music. Coral Sebastian Bach composed music (music for Preaching Church) and created the instrumental songs.
At the end of his life Sebastian Bach became blind and died in Leipzig
B. George Fredrick Haendel
Born in Halle Saxony February 23, 1685 in London, died in London on 14 April 1759. During the little he had to show thanks to the skill in playing music. In 1703, he moved to Hamburg to become a member of the Opera Orchestra. In 1712 he again visited England. The result is the famous creations:
1. Messiah, which is the Oratorio (name of a type of music) are well known.
2. Water Music (Water Music).
3. Fire Work Music (Music Firecrackers).
Fire Work Water Music and Music is the most famous orchestra. He died in London and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
4. Classic Ages (1750 – 1820)
The history of classical music began in 1750, after the end of Baroque music and Rokoko.
Characteristics of Classical Music Period:
a. The use of dynamics from Hard to Soft, Crassendo and Decrasscendo.
b. Change the tempo with accelerandos (the Fast) and Ritarteando (more gently).
c. Use is limited ornamental
d. Use of Accord 3 tone.
Composers on Classic Ages are:
1. Frans Joseph Haydn (1732 – 1809),
Born in Rohrou, Austria, he died on May 31, 1809 in Vienna Austria. The work of creation that is: Piano Sonata, 87 quartet pieces, 24 pieces of opera, symphony 100 pieces, the most famous is The Surprisse Symphony. In the history of music, Joseph Haydn known as the father Symphony that embody forms of orchestra and string quartet as we know it today. In Vienna he was recognized as a reliable Austrian composers.
2. Wolfgang Amandeus Mozart (1756 – 1791)
Born on 27 January 1756 in Salzburg Austria, died on December 5, 1791 in Vienna Austria. Results of his work are: Requiem Mars, 40 Symphony, Opera Don Geovanni, quintet Alto Violin, Piano Concerto. At the age of 3 years he has been able to produce melodies and apply the accord on hripskord. At the age of 5 years he has begun to create song and appear in public at the age of 6 years, then with her sister entered the Tour around Europe. In 1781 he moved to Vienna and authored a famous creation creations. The game is so amazing, so nicknamed Boy Wonder. Despite gaining a lot of success, but he was very poor and in a miserable state, he died in Vienna at the age of 35 years and was buried in the cemetery of the poor. He wrote many compositions in different forms but are firm believers in pure classical style.
5. Romantic Ages (1820 – 1900)
Romantic music is very concerned with the feelings subjective. Music is not only used to achieve the beauty of the tones, but is used to express feelings. Therefore, dynamics and tempo widely used. Composer-romantic composers of the day is:
a. Ludwig Von Bethoven from Germany.
b. Franz Peter Schubert from Winna.
c. Francois Fredrick Chopin from Poland.
d. Robert Alexander Schumann from Germany.
e. Johanes Brahms from Hamburg, Germany.
Romantic Period Composers Biography:
A. Ludwig Von Beethoven (1770 – 1827)
Born December 1770 in Bonn Germany, he died on March 26, 1827 in Vienna Austria. He named himself as a poet Nada. Since the age of 4 years he studied music under his father's upbringing. At age 17 he went to Vienna to meet the composers Mozart, then Mozart's music gives him guidance, so that he can become a good musician and a gifted composer. At the age of 30 years of his hearing began to decline, and age 50 years totally deaf ears. At the time of his creation Ninth Symphonies were born, he could no longer hear the results of his work. On March 26, 1827, he died in Vienna. He lived in great suffering, but was able to create the world's most beautiful Sonata. Results creations include:
- 5 pieces of cello and piano sonatas.
- 9 units symphony
- 32 piano sonatas.
B. Franz Peter Scubert (1797 – 1828)
Born in Vienna January 31, 1797, he died on December 19, 1828, his creations include: Ave Maria, The Erl King, Antinghed Symphony, Gretchen At The spinning shell, The Wild Rose. Schubert had a melodious voice and a choir Imperial Choir Singer. Then he deepen his musical knowledge in the field of composition. At the time of death, He is not known to the crowd and told him to be buried near Beethoven eat. He left 100 pieces of her work, most of the songs solo.
C. Wilhelm Richard Wagner (1813 – 1883)
Born on May 22, 1813 in Leipzig Germany, died February 13, 1883 in Venice. Results creations include: Tannhauser, Die Von Maistersinger Hurberg, Lohengrin, Der Fliegende Holander.
D. Johannes Brahms (1883 – 1897)
Born May 7, 1883 in Hamburg Germany, he died 3 April 1897 in Vienna Austria. Results creations: Hungarian Dance, Muskoor Deusches Ein Requiem, Friction Quartet .In age 14 years he has become a good pianist. He was a Romantic composer of the last of the stream, his work is very beautiful.
6. Modern Ages (1900 – Present)
Music in the Age does not recognize the existence of laws and regulations, because the progress of science and technology is increasingly rapidly, such discoveries in the field techniques such as Film, Radio, and Television. At this time people want to express something for free.
Composers in the Modern Age:
1. Claude Achille Debussy from France.
2. Bella Bartok from Hongaria.
3. Maurice Ravel from France.
4. Igor Fedorovinsky from Russia.
5. Edward Benyamin Britten from England.
Source :Wikipedia
